上海419花园中考英语知识点归纳总结精华版最新

上海419花园中考英语正在备考复习中,那么英语有哪些知识点是需要你注重复习的呢?一起来看看吧。以下是小编准备的一些中考英语知识点归纳总结精华版，仅供参考。

中考英语知识点总结

1英语词类

上海419花园十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.

2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,she,you,it.

3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.

4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.

5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,see.

6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.

上海419花园7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.

8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.

上海419花园9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.

上海419花园10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.

2句子成分

上海419花园1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

上海419花园2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

上海419花园有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

上海419花园5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

上海419花园6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

3八种基本时态

1.一般现在时

概念:表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和always,often,usually,sometimes,every day等表时间的状语连用。

上海419花园构成：1)主语+be(am/are/is)+……

上海419花园2)主语+实义动词/三单动词+…

2.一般过去时

概念:1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.

上海419花园常和表示过去的时间状语连用.如:yesterday，last week，in 1998，two days ago等.

2)也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.

构成:1)主语+be(was/were)+……

2)主语+实义动词过去式+

3.现在进行时

概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作.

上海419花园构成:主语+助动词be(am/are/is+动词-ing形式构成.

4.过去进行时

上海419花园概念:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作.这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示.

构成:主语+助动词be(was/were)+动词-ing形式构成.

5.一般将来时

概念:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,next week,next year,in the future等.

构成:1)主语+助动词will+动原+…

2)主语+be goingto+动原+….

6.过去将来时

上海419花园概念:表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.

构成:1)主语(第一人称)+助动词should+动原+…

2)主语+would+动原+….

3)主语+was/ were going to+动原…

用法:过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态.

7.现在完成时

构成:主语+助动词(have/has)+动词过去分词+…

用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.

8.过去完成时

构成:主语+助动词had+动词过去分词+…

用法

表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语,也可用when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.

4构词法

上海419花园1、合成法：如：spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等。

上海419花园2、派生法：

(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如：inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge

(2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,follwing,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious

上海419花园(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly②其它,如：slowly,angrily,full→fully,good→well,possible→possibly等等。

上海419花园3、转换法：

(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干),clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

(2)动词→名词,如：look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early,fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。

中考英语常考语法知识点

英语语法知识难点(一)

(一) 形容词和副词I.要点A.形容词1、形容词的用法　　形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.

某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of thecity.

The English like to be with their families.

多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：　　冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wallpapers.

上海419花园2、形容词比较等级的形式　(1)规则形式　　一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; --est 来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most.如：great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-more important-(the)mostimportant

(2)不规则形式good(well)-better-best bad(ill)-worse-worst many(much)-more-most little-less-least

上海419花园(3)形容词比较等级的用法①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：Heis cleverer than the other boys. Thisone is more beautiful than that one.

上海419花园②表示两者以上的比较，用"the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) …"如：Heis the cleverest boy in his class.

上海419花园③表示两者是同等程度，用"as +形容词原级+as". 如：Heis as tall as I. I have as manybooks as you.

④越… 越…

上海419花园例如：Themore I learn, the happier I am.

⑤ You can neverbe too careful. 越小心越好　　又如：Youcan never praise the teacher too highly.

上海419花园你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。⑥ I have neverspent a more worrying day.

那一天是最令我担心的一天。Ihave never had a better dinner.

上海419花园这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。⑦ My English isno better than yours.　　我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类　(1)时间副词如：ago, before,already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

上海419花园(2)地点副词如：here, there, near,around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

(3)方式副词如：carefully,angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

(4)程度副词如：almost, nearly,much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。2、副词比较等级的用法　　其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Ofall the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

上海419花园Wemust work harder.

上海419花园3、某些副词在用法上的区别

上海419花园(1) already, yet,still

上海419花园already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：We'vealready watched that film.

上海419花园Ihaven't finished my homework yet.

Hestill works until late every night.

上海419花园(2) too, as well,also, either

too,as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：Hewent there too.

Hedidn't go there either.

Ilike you as well.

上海419花园Ialso went there.

(3) hard, hardly

hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：Iwork hard every day.

Ican hardly remember that.

上海419花园(4) late, lately

上海419花园lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：Henever comes late.

Haveyou been to the museum lately?

II.例题　　例1Tom's father thinks he is already ____

上海419花园Ahigh enough B tall enough

Cenough high C enough tall

解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。　　例2____ the worse I seem to be.

上海419花园AWhen I take more medicine

BThe more medicine I take

CTaking more of the medicine

DMore medicine taken

上海419花园解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。

例3"I haven't been to London yet".

"Ihaven't been there ____".

Atoo Balso Ceither D neither

解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。　　例4Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

Adeep Bdeeply C very deep D quite deeply

解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。

(二)介词

I.要点1、介词和种类　　(1)简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about,across, before, beside, for , to, without等。　　(2)复合介词，如by means of, alongwith, because of, in front of, instead of等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系　　(1)和动词的搭配，如agree with, askfor, belong to, break away from, care about等。　　(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angrywith, different from, good at

(3)和名词的搭配，如answer to , keyto, reason for, cause of, visit to等.

上海419花园3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just,badly, all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：Hecame right after dinner.

上海419花园Helives directly opposite the school.

上海419花园4、某些介词的意义与用法举例

上海419花园(1) at, on, in(表时间)　　表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock,at midnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, atChristmas等。　　指某天用on,如onMonday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning,on the afternoon of September lst等。　　指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。(2) between, among(表位置)between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如I'msitting between Tom and Alice.

Thevillage lies between three hills.

among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Heis the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides

上海419花园beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：　He sat beside me.What do you wantbesides this?

(4)in the tree, onthe tree

inthe tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上(5)on the way, in theway, by the way, in this way

上海419花园onthe way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道　by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法(6)in the corner, atthe corner

inthe corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外(7)in the morning, onthe morning

inthe morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨(8)by bus, on the bus

bybus 是一般说法on the bus 特指乘某一辆.

II.例题　　例1Do you know any other foreign language____ English?

A except B but C beside D besides

上海419花园解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides,　　意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗?　　例2He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.

Aon B at C in D during

解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。　　例3I'm looking forward ____your letter.

Ato B in C at D on

解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。

(三)连词

上海419花园I.要点1、连词的种类　　(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and, for, or,both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。　　(2)从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether,when, after, as soon as等。　　除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。

2、常用连词举例(1)and和，并且They drank andsang all night.

(2)both…and 和，既…也…Both my parents and I went there.

(3)but 但是，而　I'msad, but he is happy.

上海419花园(4)either…or 或…或…，要么…要么…Either you're wrong, or I am.

上海419花园(5)for因为　Iasked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

(6) however 然而，可是　Af first, hedidn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

上海419花园(7)neither…nor 既不…也不　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

上海419花园(8)not only…but(also) 不但…而且…He not only sings well, but also dances well.

(9)or 或者，否则Hurryup, or you'll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor?

上海419花园(10)so 因此，所以It'sgetting late, so I must go.

(11)although 虽然　Although it was late, they went on working.

(12)as soon as 一 …就　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

上海419花园(13)because 因为　He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

(14)unless 除非，如果不　I won't go unlessit is fine tomorrow.

(15)until 直到…He didn't leaveuntil eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)

上海419花园Hestayed there until eleven.

(16)while 当…时候，而 (表示对比)

While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)

上海419花园Mypen is red while his is blue.

(17)for 因为　He was ill, for hedidn't come. (结论是推断出来的)

上海419花园(18)since自从…I have lived heresince my uncle left.

上海419花园(19)hardly… when 一… 就　I had hardly gotto the station when the train left.

上海419花园(20)as far as 就… 来说As far as I know,that country is very small. You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

上海419花园II.例题　　例1John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

上海419花园Aas well B as well as C so well D so well as

上海419花园解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为as well as.故该题正确答案为B。　　例2She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talkingabout my daughter.

上海419花园Awhen B where C which D while

解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。　　例3Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

上海419花园A.and B. then C. or D. otherwise

上海419花园解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。

英语语法知识难点(二)

上海419花园(四)动词时态、语态

I.要点1、一般现在时　(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes,always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

2、现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：What are you doing now?

(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：He is always doing good deeds.

3、现在完成时　主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:

上海419花园Have you ever been to Beijing?

4、一般将来时　表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

上海419花园We're going to see a film next Monday.

5、一般过去时　表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：　It happened many years ago.

上海419花园6、过去进行时　表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：　What were you doing this time yesterday?

7、过去完成时　表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：The train had already left before we arrived.

8、一般过去将来时　表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：　He said he would come, but he didn't.

上海419花园9、被动语态　被动语态的时态，以give为例。

II.例题

例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

A had died B died C dead D is dead

解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。

例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

上海419花园A is looked B has looked for

C is being looked for D has been looked

上海419花园解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。

(五)动词虚拟语气

上海419花园I.要点　表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。　1、虚拟语气的构成

注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to yourparty.

2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用　(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

上海419花园句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

上海419花园句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

上海419花园It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

上海419花园It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

上海419花园(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：We received order that the work be done at once.

上海419花园(5)在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或 "should +动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

II.例题　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

解析：该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

上海419花园A comes B came C should come D will come

上海419花园解析：该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.

A had done B might have done

C might do D would do

解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为B。

(六)短语动词

I.要点　英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：

(1)动词+介词　常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at,hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

(2)动词+副词　常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

(3)动词+副词+介词　常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catchup with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：All his money added up to no more than 0.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)动词+名词+介词　常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)动词+形容词　常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)动词+名词　常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：This story took place three years ago.

上海419花园I make friends with a lot of people.

上海419花园(7)辨析give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)put away(放起，收起)和 put out (扑灭)turn up(出席，放大)和 turn on (打开)keep out(阻止)和 keep off (不让靠近)make up(编造，补上)和 make out(辨认)take off(脱，起飞)和 take out(拿出)

(七)动词不定式

I.要点　1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。

上海419花园2、不定式的句法功能　(1)作主语To hear from you is nice.

To be a good teacher is not easy.

不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.

It's not easy to be a good teacher.

上海419花园(2)作宾语　通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember,agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.

Please remember to write to me.

(3)作表语

My job is to pick up letters.

He seemed to have heard nothing.

(4)作定语　不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：　I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.

(5)作宾补　通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause,force等词后。如：He ordered her to leave at once.He wasforced to obey his order.

(6)作状语He got up early to catch the first bus.

He worked hard to catch up with the other students.

(7)作独立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie.

(8) "疑问词+不定式"结构。如：I don't know how to choose them.

I cannot decide where to go.

(9)不定式的否定式。如：I decided not to go.

上海419花园(10)不定式的完成式。如：He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.

The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.

(11)too…to 结构。如：He was too excited to go to sleep.

He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)

(12)主动表被动。如：The book is easy to read.

I have a book to read.

II.例题　例1 I haven't got a chair ____.

A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting

上海419花园解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。　例2 He was made ____.

上海419花园A go B gone C going D to go

解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。

上海419花园例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.

上海419花园A to be built B built

上海419花园C to build D to building

解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。

(八)动名词

I.要点　动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。　1、动名词的形式，以write为例。

上海419花园否定式 not +动名词　2、动名词的用法　(1)作主语Playing football is my favorite sport.

上海419花园Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.

作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：　It is funtravelling with friends at weekend.

(2)作宾语I enjoy playing PC game.He gave up writing five yearsago.

(3)作表语What he hated most was doing nothing.Seeing is believing.

动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。(4)作定语There's a dining room in my school. All the people watching laughed.

(5)动名词的复合结构"物主代词(或名词的所有格)+动名词"。如：Tom's going home late made her mother angry. Would you mind my opening the window?

不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)。①无生命名词The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.

上海419花园Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.

上海419花园②有生命名词，但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?

③两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you thatday?

上海419花园3.后面常接动名词的动词和短语mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,

keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,

上海419花园be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,

can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,

上海419花园look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,

上海419花园devote to doing, lead to doing

上海419花园II.例题　例1 She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.

上海419花园A going B to go C for going D went

上海419花园解析：该题正确答案为A。 feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语　例2 The garden needs ____.

上海419花园A water B watering C to water D watered

解析：该题正确答案为B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。　例3 Excuse me ____ you.

A interrupting B to interrupt

上海419花园C interrupted D to have interrupted

解析：该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语(常用于口语中)。

(九)分词

上海419花园I.要点　分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句法功能：　1、作定语I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.

The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend ofmine.

2、作表语When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.

上海419花园I'm interested in this book.

上海419花园3、作宾语补足语I'm going to have my bike repaired.

When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.

上海419花园4、作状语Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.

上海419花园现在分词的句法功能。

1、作状语Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city wasbeautiful.

上海419花园Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.

2、作宾语I hate being spoken ill of.

上海419花园He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.

3、作表语Seeing is believing.

The book is interesting.

4、作宾语补足语I noticed him crossing the street.

Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.

上海419花园5、作定语Do you know the man writing a letter?

The worker running a machine is my brother.

上海419花园分词使用中的几个问题1、现在分词的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out.

上海419花园2、现在分词的否定式

Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.

3、现在分词与过去分词的不同　现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there.

上海419花园4、have结构We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car. Wehave Tom repair the car.

We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.

5、分词作表语We were excited at the news. The football game is exciting.

上海419花园6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.

中考英语阅读理解答题技巧

首先，我们分析客观题的题目设置。主要有三种形式：

一、细节题;

上海419花园二、概括题;

上海419花园三、推测题。

那么，什么是细节题呢?就是那些考查文章中有关事情发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件经过、方式、结果等;什么是概括题呢，就是从文章的整体层面上设置的一类综合性题目，如：为文章选择一个恰当的题目、推测本文作者想要表达的中心思想以及写作目的等;最后一种推测题是这几种题型中难度最大的，它需要建立在对整篇文章内容熟悉掌握的基础上，主要出题形式有根据文章的上下文，猜测某一个单词或者短语在该情景中的具体含义，根据所给的部分文章内容，推测文章的结尾等。